Electronic music has been around for decades, but its popularity has never been greater. From the early days of synthesizers and drum machines to the latest in digital technology, electronic music has continued to evolve and push the boundaries of what is possible in music production. But what exactly do we mean when we talk about electronic music? Is it just a catch-all term for any music made with electronic instruments? Or is there more to it than that? In this comprehensive guide, we’ll explore the different genres and subgenres of electronic music, and what makes each one unique. Whether you’re a seasoned musician or just starting out, this guide will help you navigate the world of electronic music and discover the many subgenres that make it so diverse and exciting.
What is Electronic Music?
A Definition and Brief History
Electronic music can be defined as music that is created or produced using electronic devices, instruments, and technologies. This includes a wide range of genres and subgenres, each with its own unique characteristics and sounds.
The history of electronic music dates back to the early 20th century, with the invention of the first electronic musical instruments in the 1920s and 1930s. However, it was not until the 1960s and 1970s that electronic music began to gain widespread recognition and popularity, with the emergence of genres such as synthpop and techno.
Since then, electronic music has continued to evolve and diversify, with new genres and subgenres emerging constantly. Today, electronic music is one of the most popular and influential forms of music in the world, with a vast and dedicated fan base.
Characteristics of Electronic Music
Electronic music is a broad term that encompasses a wide range of genres and subgenres, all of which share a common characteristic: the use of electronic instruments, equipment, and technology in their production. However, beyond this basic definition, there are several key characteristics that set electronic music apart from other forms of music.
- Electronic Instruments: Electronic music is created using electronic instruments, such as synthesizers, drum machines, and samplers, which can produce sounds that would be difficult or impossible to create with acoustic instruments. These instruments can be hardware-based, using physical components to generate sound, or software-based, using digital algorithms to create sound.
- Electronic Production Techniques: Electronic music often involves the use of electronic production techniques, such as editing, manipulating, and processing recorded sounds. This can include techniques such as sampling, which involves taking a short piece of one sound and reusing it as a new sound, and granular synthesis, which involves breaking a sound into small pieces and recombining them to create new sounds.
- Electronic Sound Manipulation: Electronic music often involves the manipulation of sound in ways that would be difficult or impossible with acoustic instruments. This can include techniques such as filtering, which involves removing certain frequencies from a sound, and distortion, which involves altering the sound’s waveform to create a new sound.
- Electronic Music Production Software: Electronic music production software allows musicians to create, record, and manipulate sound using a computer. These software applications can be used to create a wide range of electronic music styles, from techno and house to ambient and experimental.
- Electronic Music Distribution: Electronic music is often distributed online, through platforms such as Bandcamp, Soundcloud, and Beatport. This has made it easier for musicians to reach a global audience and for listeners to discover new music from around the world.
In conclusion, the characteristics of electronic music are the use of electronic instruments, electronic production techniques, electronic sound manipulation, electronic music production software, and electronic music distribution. These characteristics set electronic music apart from other forms of music and make it a unique and exciting art form.
Different Genres of Electronic Music
Techno
Techno is a genre of electronic music that emerged in the mid-1980s, characterized by its use of synthesizers, drum machines, and other electronic instruments to create repetitive, rhythmic patterns.
Early Techno
Early techno music was characterized by its use of simple, repetitive melodies and drums, often created using analog synthesizers and drum machines. The genre’s early pioneers included artists such as Kraftwerk, Giorgio Moroder, and Depeche Mode, who experimented with synthesizers and other electronic instruments to create new sounds.
Detroit Techno
Detroit techno is a subgenre of techno that emerged in the early 1980s in Detroit, Michigan. It is characterized by its use of repetitive, mechanical rhythms and synthesizer lines, often incorporating elements of jazz and soul music. Detroit techno artists such as Juan Atkins, Derrick May, and Kevin Saunderson helped to establish the genre and influence its development around the world.
German Techno
German techno is a subgenre of techno that emerged in Germany in the mid-1980s, characterized by its use of harsh, industrial sounds and repetitive, mechanical rhythms. Artists such as Kraftwerk, Ralf Hütter, and Karl Bartos helped to establish the genre, which would later influence the development of other electronic music genres such as trance and hardstep.
House
Early House
Early House is a subgenre of electronic music that originated in the 1980s. It is characterized by its simple and repetitive basslines, 4/4 beats, and a focus on the vocals. Early House music was often produced using synthesizers and drum machines, and it was influenced by the disco and funk music of the 1970s.
Chicago House
Chicago House is a subgenre of electronic music that emerged in the mid-1980s in Chicago, Illinois. It is characterized by its heavy basslines, repetitive 4/4 beats, and use of a Roland TR-808 drum machine. Chicago House music was often produced using synthesizers and was influenced by the sounds of disco, funk, and soul music.
New York House
New York House is a subgenre of electronic music that emerged in the mid-1980s in New York City. It is characterized by its use of a more melodic approach, incorporating elements of jazz and soul music into its productions. New York House music was often produced using synthesizers and drum machines, and it was influenced by the sounds of disco and funk music.
Overall, the subgenres of House music have evolved over time, each with its own unique characteristics and influences. From the early days of disco and funk to the modern-day productions of today, House music continues to be a driving force in the world of electronic music.
Trance
Early Trance
Early trance, also known as classic trance, is a subgenre of electronic music that originated in the late 1980s and early 1990s. It is characterized by a 4/4 beat, a prominent bassline, and a melodic lead synth line. The tempo of early trance typically ranges from 120 to 150 BPM. This subgenre was popularized by DJs such as Sven Väth, Andreas Dorau, and Cosmic Baby. Some of the notable early trance tracks include “The Age of Love” by Age of Love, “Celebrate Life” by Gala, and “Cosmic Baby” by Cosmic Baby.
Euro Trance
Euro trance, also known as European trance, is a subgenre of electronic music that emerged in the mid-1990s. It is characterized by a faster tempo than early trance, ranging from 135 to 160 BPM, and a harder, more aggressive sound. Euro trance often features a more prominent role for the melody and is characterized by a more commercial sound. This subgenre was popularized by DJs such as DJ Jean, Taucher, and The Thunderdome. Some of the notable euro trance tracks include “Dream on Dreamer” by Above & Beyond, “Gamemaster” by Demented, and “Wake Up” by Vangelis.
Psychedelic Trance
Psychedelic trance, also known as psytrance, is a subgenre of electronic music that emerged in the early 1990s. It is characterized by a complex, evolving sound that incorporates elements of techno, ambient, and world music. The tempo of psychedelic trance typically ranges from 135 to 150 BPM. This subgenre was popularized by DJs such as Goa Gil, Infected Mushroom, and Astral Projection. Some of the notable psychedelic trance tracks include “Stay High” by Altered States, “The Calling” by B.L.I.S.S., and “Melancholic Resonance” by Son Kite.
Electro
Early Electro
Early Electro is a genre of electronic music that emerged in the late 1970s and early 1980s. It is characterized by its use of synthesizers and drum machines to create a distinct sound that blended elements of funk, disco, and punk. Some of the notable artists associated with the Early Electro genre include Afrika Bambaataa, Kraftwerk, and Giorgio Moroder. The music was often used in the background of movies and TV shows, helping to establish the genre’s widespread popularity.
Electroclash
Electroclash is a subgenre of electronic music that emerged in the early 2000s. It is characterized by its fusion of electro, punk, and new wave influences. Electroclash artists often used vintage synthesizers and drum machines to create a raw, lo-fi sound that was heavily influenced by the early days of electronic music. Some notable Electroclash artists include Chicks on Speed, Felix da Housecat, and Miss Kittin. The genre was popularized by underground clubs and DIY venues, and it remains a cult favorite among electronic music fans today.
Experimental Electronic Music
Experimental electronic music is a genre that defies conventional norms and pushes the boundaries of music production. It encompasses a wide range of styles and techniques that are often unconventional and unpredictable. In this section, we will explore some of the subgenres that fall under the umbrella of experimental electronic music.
Noise
Noise is a subgenre of experimental electronic music that emphasizes the use of harsh, distorted sounds and random elements. It emerged in the late 1970s and early 1980s, with pioneers such as Japanoise and Merzbow leading the way. Noise music often involves the use of unconventional instruments and techniques, such as feedback, tape manipulation, and turntable scratching. The result is a chaotic and unpredictable sound that challenges the listener’s expectations.
Drone
Drone is a subgenre of experimental electronic music that emphasizes long, sustained tones and repetitive patterns. It emerged in the late 1980s and early 1990s, with pioneers such as Grouper and Tim Hecker leading the way. Drone music often involves the use of simple melodies and harmonies, which are repeated and layered to create a hypnotic effect. The result is a meditative and contemplative sound that evokes a sense of calm and tranquility.
Glitch
Glitch is a subgenre of experimental electronic music that emphasizes the use of digital errors and imperfections. It emerged in the mid-1990s, with pioneers such as Aphex Twin and Autechre leading the way. Glitch music often involves the use of digital manipulation and processing, such as cut-ups, distortion, and reverse playback. The result is a fragmented and disjointed sound that challenges the listener’s perception of reality.
Overall, experimental electronic music is a genre that challenges the boundaries of music production and explores new and unconventional techniques. Whether it’s the harsh noise of Japanoise or the meditative drone of Grouper, this genre offers a unique and exciting sound that is always pushing the limits of what is possible.
Subgenres of Electronic Music
Hardstep
Hardstep is a subgenre of electronic music that emerged from the hardstep scene in Europe. It is characterized by its aggressive and dark sound, which is created by the use of distorted synths, heavy basslines, and hard-hitting drums. Hardstep producers often incorporate elements of hardstep into their music, resulting in a sound that is both aggressive and melodic.
Dubstep
Dubstep is a subgenre of electronic dance music that originated in the UK. It is characterized by its heavy basslines, syncopated rhythms, and dubby atmospheres. Dubstep producers often use a variety of sound design techniques to create their tracks, including the use of dubstep samples, effects, and synthesizers.
Techstep
Techstep is a subgenre of electronic music that is characterized by its use of futuristic and industrial sounds. Techstep producers often incorporate elements of techno and step into their music, resulting in a sound that is both futuristic and mechanical.
Trap
Trap is a subgenre of electronic dance music that originated in the southern United States. It is characterized by its heavy basslines, snappy snares, and syncopated rhythms. Trap producers often use a variety of sound design techniques to create their tracks, including the use of trap samples, effects, and synthesizers.
Future Bass
Future bass is a subgenre of electronic dance music that is characterized by its use of atmospheric and melodic sounds. Future bass producers often incorporate elements of future bass into their music, resulting in a sound that is both atmospheric and melodic.
Bass Music
Bass music is a subgenre of electronic dance music that is characterized by its use of heavy basslines and dubstep influences. Bass music producers often use a variety of sound design techniques to create their tracks, including the use of bass music samples, effects, and synthesizers.
Ambient
Ambient is a subgenre of electronic music that is characterized by its use of atmospheric and textural sounds. Ambient producers often incorporate elements of ambient music into their music, resulting in a sound that is both atmospheric and textural.
IDM
IDM (Intelligent Dance Music) is a subgenre of electronic music that is characterized by its use of experimental and avant-garde sounds. IDM producers often incorporate elements of other genres into their music, resulting in a sound that is both experimental and avant-garde.
The Impact of Electronic Music on Popular Culture
Fashion and Style
Electronic music has had a profound impact on popular culture, particularly in the realm of fashion and style. The relationship between music and fashion is a longstanding one, and electronic music has played a significant role in shaping the way people dress and present themselves.
One of the most notable ways in which electronic music has influenced fashion is through the rise of raving culture. Raving, which originated in the late 1980s and early 1990s, is a subculture that revolves around attending all-night dance parties. Raving became a popular pastime for many young people, and it quickly became associated with a distinctive style of dress.
Raving culture led to the emergence of a number of fashion trends, including the use of neon colors, sportswear, and oversized clothing. These styles were often inspired by the futuristic and tech-inspired aesthetic of electronic music, and they quickly became popular among young people around the world.
In addition to influencing the fashion choices of ravers, electronic music has also had an impact on the fashion industry as a whole. Many designers have been inspired by the aesthetic of electronic music, and they have incorporated elements of this style into their collections.
For example, the French designer Jean-Paul Gaultier was known for his use of futuristic and tech-inspired elements in his designs, and he often drew inspiration from electronic music. Gaultier’s use of metallic fabrics, bondage-inspired detailing, and futuristic silhouettes reflected the edgy, rebellious spirit of electronic music.
Similarly, the Italian designer Miuccia Prada was known for her use of industrial and tech-inspired elements in her designs. Prada’s collections often featured bold, futuristic colors and geometric shapes, which reflected the futuristic aesthetic of electronic music.
Overall, the influence of electronic music on fashion and style cannot be overstated. From the rise of raving culture to the inspiration of designers, electronic music has played a significant role in shaping the way people dress and present themselves. Whether you’re a fan of the futuristic, tech-inspired aesthetic of techno and electro, or the sleek, minimalist style of deep house and tech house, there’s no denying the impact that electronic music has had on fashion and style.
Visual Art
Electronic music has had a profound impact on visual art, inspiring a new generation of artists to explore the boundaries of sound and vision. Here are some examples of how electronic music has influenced visual art:
- Visualizations of Sound: Artists have created visualizations of electronic music that reflect the complex and abstract nature of the sound. These visualizations often use bold colors, geometric shapes, and abstract patterns to capture the energy and rhythm of the music.
- Generative Art: Electronic music has also inspired a new form of generative art, where the artist uses software to create art that is generated in real-time based on the music. This allows the viewer to see the relationship between the music and the art in a more direct way, creating a new form of synesthesia.
- Performance Art: Electronic music has also influenced performance art, with artists using music and technology to create immersive and interactive experiences. These performances often use light, sound, and movement to create a new form of sensory overload, blurring the boundaries between music, art, and technology.
- Music Videos: Finally, electronic music has had a significant impact on music videos, with directors using the latest technology to create visually stunning and innovative videos that reflect the energy and creativity of the music. These videos often use special effects, animation, and visual trickery to create a new form of audiovisual experience, blurring the boundaries between music and video.
Overall, electronic music has had a profound impact on visual art, inspiring a new generation of artists to explore the boundaries of sound and vision. Whether it’s through visualizations of sound, generative art, performance art, or music videos, electronic music has created a new world of audiovisual experiences that are changing the way we see and hear music.
Film and Television
Electronic music has had a profound impact on popular culture, particularly in the realms of film and television. From the early days of synthesizers and electronic experimentation to the current age of digital music production, electronic music has been a driving force in the creation of iconic soundtracks and scores.
In the world of film, electronic music has been used to enhance the mood and atmosphere of countless movies. From the pulsing, synth-heavy scores of science fiction films like Blade Runner and The Terminator to the haunting, ambient soundscapes of horror movies like The Thing and The Exorcist, electronic music has played a crucial role in setting the tone and enhancing the emotional impact of these films.
Television has also embraced electronic music, with many shows using electronic scores to create a modern and edgy feel. For example, the hit crime drama “True Detective” features a moody, electronic score that perfectly captures the dark and gritty atmosphere of the show. Similarly, the cult classic “Donnie Darko” uses a mix of electronic and orchestral music to create a unique and memorable soundtrack.
In addition to its use in film and television, electronic music has also had a significant impact on the world of advertising. Many commercials use electronic music to create a modern and cutting-edge feel, while others use it to evoke a sense of nostalgia or to tap into specific cultural references.
Overall, the impact of electronic music on popular culture cannot be overstated. From film and television to advertising and beyond, electronic music has played a crucial role in shaping the sounds and aesthetics of modern media.
Gaming
Electronic music has had a profound impact on the world of gaming, transforming the way that video games are designed and experienced. From the early days of arcade games to the modern era of console and PC gaming, electronic music has played a key role in shaping the soundscape of the gaming world.
One of the earliest and most iconic examples of electronic music in gaming is the theme music from the classic arcade game, “Pong.” This simple yet catchy tune, composed by arcade game pioneer, Tomohiro Nishimura, set the stage for the countless electronic soundtracks that would follow in the decades to come.
As gaming technology advanced, so too did the complexity and diversity of electronic music in video games. Many early home console games, such as the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES), featured simple, catchy chiptunes that were composed using synthesizer chips built into the console. These tunes quickly became iconic and are still fondly remembered by gamers today.
As gaming evolved, so too did the role of electronic music. Modern video games often feature complex, multilayered soundtracks that incorporate a wide range of electronic genres, from ambient and techno to hip-hop and EDM. Many game developers work closely with electronic musicians and composers to create immersive, dynamic soundscapes that enhance the overall gaming experience.
In addition to its role in enhancing the gameplay experience, electronic music has also played a significant role in the cultural impact of gaming. From the iconic “Mario Bros.” theme to the hauntingly beautiful soundscapes of “The Legend of Zelda,” electronic music has helped to create some of the most memorable and enduring moments in gaming history.
Today, electronic music continues to play a central role in the world of gaming, with many popular games featuring electronic soundtracks that are as diverse and dynamic as the games themselves. Whether it’s the driving beats of a racing game or the atmospheric ambiance of a horror game, electronic music is an essential element of the modern gaming experience.
The Evolution of Electronic Music
The evolution of electronic music can be traced back to the early 20th century, with the invention of the first electronic musical instruments. However, it was not until the 1960s and 1970s that electronic music gained widespread recognition and popularity. One of the key factors that contributed to this was the development of the synthesizer, which allowed for the creation of a wide range of sounds and textures that were previously impossible to produce.
In the 1980s and 1990s, electronic music continued to evolve and diversify, with the emergence of various subgenres such as techno, house, and hip-hop. These genres were heavily influenced by the cultural and social contexts of their time, and reflected the changing attitudes and values of society.
Today, electronic music continues to be a dominant force in popular culture, with a wide range of genres and subgenres that reflect the diverse interests and tastes of listeners around the world. Whether it’s the experimental sounds of avant-garde electronic music or the danceable beats of EDM, electronic music has become an integral part of modern culture, and its evolution continues to shape and influence the music industry in new and exciting ways.
The Future of Electronic Music
As electronic music continues to evolve and diversify, it’s exciting to consider what the future holds for this dynamic and ever-changing genre. Here are some trends and developments to keep an eye on:
Continued Blurring of Genre Boundaries
Electronic music has always been a genre that defies boundaries, and this trend is likely to continue in the future. As producers and artists continue to experiment with new sounds and techniques, we can expect to see even more blurring of the lines between different genres.
Increased Use of AI and Technology
As technology continues to advance, we can expect to see even more incorporation of artificial intelligence and other cutting-edge technologies into electronic music production. This could lead to entirely new sounds and styles, as well as new ways of creating and performing music.
Greater Emphasis on Live Performance
While electronic music has traditionally been associated with recorded music, we’re seeing a growing emphasis on live performance in the genre. As artists and audiences alike seek out more immersive and interactive experiences, electronic music is well-positioned to take advantage of this trend.
The Rise of DIY and Independent Artists
Finally, we’re seeing a rise in DIY and independent artists in the electronic music scene. With the democratization of music production technology, it’s easier than ever for artists to create and release their own music without the need for a major label or record company. This trend is likely to continue, as more and more artists take control of their own careers and find new ways to connect with audiences.
Final Thoughts
- Electronic music has had a profound impact on popular culture, influencing everything from fashion to art and beyond.
- The versatility and adaptability of electronic music has allowed it to evolve and adapt to changing trends and technologies, making it a perennial favorite among music lovers of all ages.
- Despite its origins in the experimental fringes of music production, electronic music has become a staple of mainstream popular culture, with its influence felt across a wide range of genres and styles.
- As technology continues to advance and new sounds and techniques are discovered, electronic music will undoubtedly continue to play a major role in shaping the future of popular culture.
FAQs
1. What is electronic music?
Electronic music is a broad category of music that is created using electronic instruments and technology. It encompasses a wide range of styles and genres, from ambient and experimental to techno and house. Electronic music is created using a variety of equipment, including synthesizers, drum machines, and computer software.
2. What are some popular genres of electronic music?
There are many popular genres of electronic music, including techno, house, trance, electro, and ambient. Each genre has its own distinct sound and characteristics, and is often associated with specific subgenres and styles.
3. What is the difference between electronic and synthetic music?
Electronic music is music that is created using electronic instruments and technology, while synthetic music is music that is created using synthesizers and other electronic devices to imitate the sounds of acoustic instruments. In other words, electronic music can be created using a variety of equipment, while synthetic music is typically created using only synthesizers.
4. What is the history of electronic music?
The history of electronic music dates back to the 1950s, when inventors and musicians began experimenting with electronic instruments and technology. Over the years, electronic music has evolved and diversified, with new genres and styles emerging as technology has advanced. Today, electronic music is a popular and influential genre, with a dedicated following around the world.
5. How is electronic music created?
Electronic music is created using a variety of equipment, including synthesizers, drum machines, and computer software. Musicians and producers use these tools to create and manipulate sounds, and to arrange them into a cohesive composition. The process of creating electronic music can be highly technical and experimental, and often involves a combination of creative and technical skills.
